Ludo, a classic board game that has stood the test of time, has its origins deeply rooted in the rich history of ancient India. While the version we know today was patented by Alfred Collier in England in 1896, its inception can be traced back to the Indian Maharajas’ dice game known as Chaupar. This engaging game has been a staple at family gatherings and festivals in India for centuries, captivating players of all ages.
This article unfolds the captivating timeline of Ludo’s invention, shedding light on lesser-known facts about its history in India. Let’s embark on this journey together:
1. Early History of Ludo in India: The Mahabharata, a revered Indian epic, provides the earliest reference to the game. Chaupar, a dice game akin to Ludo, was played between the families of King Duryodhan and Yudhishthir to settle a conflict. The game took a dramatic turn when the Pandavas lost their fortune to the cunning Kauravas, sparking debates about the game’s impact on fate.
Ludo’s popularity in ancient and medieval India is well-documented, with historians finding references to cubical dice in Harappan sites such as Harappa, Mohenjodaro, and Lothal, dating back to the second millennium B.C. Early literary sources like the ‘Rig-Veda’ and ‘Atharva Veda’ also mention the use of dice.
2. References to Ludo-like Games: Historical records indicate that Ludo, as we know it, was invented in India in the 6th century C.E. from a game called Pachisi. Variants of this game, known by names such as Chaupar, Chausar, and Parcheesi, enjoyed popularity. Visual references to the game can be found in the adorned caves of Ellora, constructed between the 6th and 8th centuries C.E.
In the 16th century, historian Abul Fazl highlighted the central role of Chaupar or Pachisi in the courts of Mughal Emperor Akbar in Agra and Fatehpur Sikri.
3. The Origin of the Name “Ludo”: With the advent of colonial powers, Chaupar or Pachisi began to spread globally. In 1896, a simplified version of Pachisi was published in England under the name “Ludo,” derived from the Latin word for “I play.” Alfred Collier, an Englishman, modified Pachisi, patented it as the Royal Ludo, and secured commercial rights.
4. Ludo Game Variations: Since its invention, Ludo has seen numerous variations worldwide, each adding its unique touch. From the Indian Pachisi to the British Uckers, German Brändi Dog, Chinese Aeroplane Chess, Spanish Parchís, Swiss Eile mit Weile, Colombian Parques, to the Vietnamese Cờ cá ngựa, the game has adapted to diverse cultures.
5. How Ludo Was Played in Ancient Times: Ancient sources describe Chaupar or Chausar (Ludo’s predecessor) played with quaternary lots in the form of long dice. The board, typically made of wool or cloth in the shape of a cross, featured sixteen wood pieces. This game, enjoyed by four players divided into two teams, became a primary source of entertainment for royal courts in the 17th century.
Pachisi, a variant played without long dice, utilized cowry shells, earning it the moniker “poor man’s Chaupar.”
6. Ancient Dice in Ludo: Cubical dice were prevalent in the Indus Valley (Harappan) sites around 2300 B.C. During the 16th century, Mughal Emperor Akbar played Chaupar on grand courts made of inlaid marble, using people instead of shells or cowry for the game.
7. Who Invented Ludo? Ludo, one of the oldest board games globally, has evolved over the centuries. In recent years, digital versions like Zupee’s Ludo Supreme, Ludo Ninja, and Ludo Turbo have gained popularity, offering unique rules and regulations. Regardless of the version, the goal remains consistent: race tokens to reach the finish line based on dice rolls.
8. FAQs about Indian Ludo:
-
What is Ludo?
Ludo is a strategy-based board game played on a square board, with two to four players competing to move their pieces around and reach the center. The first player to do so wins. -
Where does Ludo come from?
Ludo is thought to be derived from the ancient Indian game Pachisi, mentioned in texts dating back to the 6th century. -
How long has Ludo been around?
Ludo has been around for over 2000 years, originating in India. -
How did Ludo become popular in India?
Its simple rules, easy gameplay, and accessibility for all ages contributed to Ludo’s popularity in India. Mobile gaming further boosted its reach.
In conclusion, Ludo’s journey from ancient India to becoming a global phenomenon showcases its enduring appeal, adaptability, and ability to bring people together across cultures and generations.